Nigeria

Situated in tropical West Africa, the oil-rich state of Nigeria is the regional superpower and the most populous country in Africa. It is listed as one of the 'Next Eleven' major economies of the world - yet despite its abundant natural resources, it remains one of the world's poorest countries, with a per capita GDP of just US$300 per annum.

The country is made up of over 250 tribes, and this potentially explosive mix, together with tensions between the Muslim and Christian sections of population (the majority of Nigeria's Christian population lives in the oil-producing, wealthier southern region of the country), have contributed to Nigeria's potential being untapped. Decades of civil war, famine, military dictators and rampant corruption have left the country with deep divisions that will take many years to heal over completely. There are stirring signs of recovery, however, and Nigeria is emerging as an eminent tourist destination in Africa - welcoming nearly two million visitors a year.

The capital city is Abuja, but the largest economic centre and chief port is the former Colonial capital of Lagos, located on the Bight of Benin in southwestern Nigeria. The capital was moved to Abuja, located in the heart of the country, in 1991, largely in a bid to curb the frenetic migration to Lagos not only from rural Nigeria, but from neighbouring countries as well. Despite this measure, Lagos remains a sprawling, overcrowded industrial metropolis, home to nearly 8 million people.

With 500 miles (805km) of coastline, Nigeria has all the raw ingredients to make for a top tourist destination, and the new government has pledged to improve infrastructure and attract investment to tap the country's tourism potential. Meanwhile, this varied land of sandy beaches, lagoons, tracts of tropical forest, magnificent waterfalls and fascinating historic sites is being enjoyed by only the most adventurous travellers.

The vast majority of visitors to Nigeria come for business, and the regular flights from Europe and North America have so far been filled mainly with oil executives looking for their slice of Africa's largest oil producer.

Climate

Nigeria is generally hot all year round, with little variation between winter and summer. Seasons are defined as the wet season, from April to October, and the dry season, from November till March. The dry season witnesses the prevailing influences of the dry and dusty northeast winds. The wet season is particularly noticeable on the south-eastern coast, where annual rainfall reaches about 130 inches (330cm).

Money

Nigerian currency is the Naira (NGN), which is divided into 100 kobo. Approved exchange facilities include the major hotels and the airport, but official rates are very high. It is illegal to change money on the street. Credit card fraud is a problem and visitors are advised against the use of credit cards throughout the country. Credit card facilities are also limited. Facilities for changing travellers cheques are also very limited. Prior to travel, visitors should ensure they have a variety of currency options available to them (Sterling, US dollars or Euros) in cash. Travellers should be aware of the prevalence of commercial fraud in, and emanating from, Nigeria.

Passport Visa

Nationals of virtually all countries require a visa to enter Nigeria (the few exceptions are mainly neighbouring African states). Visas must be obtained in advance and all visitors require a return ticket, documents for onward travel and sufficient funds. Those entering for business reasons must also have a letter of invitation and verification from Nigerian representatives abroad stating purpose of entry. Passports must be valid for at least six months after arrival.

Entry Requirements

• United States citizens must have a passport valid for six months after intended date of departure. A visa is required.
• British citizens must have a passport valid for six months after intended date of departure. A visa is required.
• Canadians must have a passport valid for six months after intended date of departure. A visa is required.
• Australians must have a passport valid for six months after the intended date of departure. A visa is required.
• South Africans must have a passport valid for six months after intended date of departure. A visa is required.
• Irish citizens must have a passport valid for six months after intended date of departure. A visa is required.
• New Zealand citizens must have a valid passport. A visa is required.

Health

When travelling to Nigeria, an international vaccination certificate against yellow fever is required. A Cholera vaccination certificate is also required if coming from an infected area. As a precaution against cholera, visitors should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. Anti-malaria prophylaxis and TB inoculation are recommended. At present there is a high risk of polio infection in northern Nigeria and inoculations are advised. Visitors should seek the latest medical advice on inoculations at least three weeks prior to departure. Private clinics are found even in the smallest towns. In major cities, private hospitals offer good facilities. As in many countries, costs for medical services or hospital care must be shouldered by the traveller. There are government hospitals throughout the country, but apart from emergencies, the hospitals are more geared to serving the local population. Individuals needing specialised treatment for acute illness or severe injury are usually evacuated to Europe or South Africa. Good, comprehensive insurance is strongly advised, and should include evacuation. Pharmacies abound in Nigeria, even in supermarkets and are open during normal trading hours. Some are open even on Sundays in supermarkets.

Embassy Consulates

• Nigerian Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 986 8400.
• Nigeria High Commission, London, United Kingdom: +44 (0)20 7839 1244.
• Nigeria High Commission, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 236 0521.
• Nigeria High Commission, Canberra, Australia (also responsible for New Zealand): +61 (0)2 6282 7411.
• Nigeria High Commission, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 (0)12 342 0805.
• Embassy of Nigeria, Dublin, Ireland: +353 (0)1 660 4366.
• Nigeria High Commission, Canberra, Australia (also responsible for New Zealand): +61 (0)2 6282 7411.

Foreign Embassies

• United States Embassy, Abuja: +234 (0)9 461 4000.
• British High Commission, Abuja: +234 (0)9 413 2010.
• Canadian High Commission, Abuja: +234 (0)9 413 9910.
• Australian High Commission, Abuja: +234 (0)9 461 2780.
• South African High Commission, Abuja: +234 (0)9 462 4200.
• Irish Embassy, Abuja: +234 (0)9 462 0611.
• New Zealand High Commission, London, United Kingdom (also responsible for Nigeria): +44 20 7930 8422 .